What does land surveying primarily aim to determine?

Land surveying primarily aims to determine positions and distances. This fundamental aspect is crucial for establishing boundaries, creating maps, and planning construction projects. Surveyors use various tools and techniques to accurately measure the Earth’s surface, capturing both the horizontal and vertical positions of points. This data allows for precise calculations needed in engineering, architecture, and land development.

Other options, while related to geological or environmental studies, do not capture the primary focus of land surveying. Climate conditions, soil composition, and water drainage patterns are important in their respective fields, but they pertain more to environmental science, geology, and hydrology rather than the core objectives of land surveying itself.