What is the field of study that focuses on the celestial bodies and the universe?

The field of study that focuses on celestial bodies and the universe is astronomy. Astronomy encompasses the observation and analysis of planets, stars, galaxies, and other phenomena beyond Earth’s atmosphere. It involves understanding not just the positions and movements of these celestial objects, but also their compositions, behaviors, and interactions with one another across the vast expanse of space.

While cosmology, which deals specifically with the origins and eventual fate of the universe, is closely related to astronomy, it is more specialized in its focus on the universe as a whole rather than the individual celestial objects. Geology, on the other hand, concentrates on the Earth's physical structure and its processes, which is distinctly different from the study of outer space. Physics, although fundamental to understanding the principles that govern celestial mechanics and other aspects of the universe, is a broader field that encompasses more than just celestial phenomena.

In summary, astronomy is the comprehensive discipline that directly addresses the study of celestial bodies and the universe, making it the correct answer.