What is the term for an incorrect prediction in a scientific experiment?

The term for an incorrect prediction in a scientific experiment is "error." In scientific terms, an error refers to a deviation from the true value or expected outcome that arises during experimentation or data gathering. Errors can occur due to various factors, including measurement inaccuracies, experimental design flaws, or biases in data interpretation. Recognizing and quantifying errors is crucial for understanding the reliability and validity of experimental results.

In contrast, a hypothesis is an initial conjecture or educated guess made to explain a phenomenon, which is then tested through experimentation. An assumption, on the other hand, represents a condition that is accepted as true for the purpose of argument or investigation, but may not necessarily be tested. Lastly, a flaw typically refers to a defect or imperfection in a process or system, but it might not specifically denote an incorrect prediction as errors do. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify what an error means in the context of scientific research.