What term describes the solid mass of Earth distinct from its atmosphere or hydrosphere?

The term that describes the solid mass of Earth, distinct from its atmosphere or hydrosphere, is the geosphere. The geosphere encompasses all of the Earth's solid land, including the crust, mantle, and core. This term specifically focuses on the physical components of the Earth that make up its structure and geology.

The other options refer to different aspects of the Earth's systems: the hydrosphere comprises all of the Earth's water in liquid, ice, and vapor forms, while the biosphere includes all living organisms and their interactions with the environment. The atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the planet. While each of these spheres plays a vital role in the Earth's system, only the geosphere pertains directly to the solid mass of the planet.