What term is used to describe solid material formed during a chemical reaction in water?

The term used to describe solid material formed during a chemical reaction in water is "precipitate." When two or more soluble substances react in a solution, they can create insoluble products that aggregate and settle out of the solution. This process is known as precipitation. The solid that forms as a result of this reaction is referred to as a precipitate.

In contrast, igneous refers to rocks that are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava, so it is not directly related to chemical reactions in water. Magma itself is the molten rock beneath the Earth's surface and is not a product formed from a chemical reaction in water. Lastly, while minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a specific chemical composition and crystal structure, not all minerals are formed from reactions involving water, and they do not specifically refer to the solid created in a chemical reaction. Thus, "precipitate" accurately captures the concept of a solid formed during such a reaction.