Which method utilizes careful observation and data collection for investigations?

The scientific method is a systematic approach that is fundamental to scientific investigations. It emphasizes careful observation and data collection as essential components of developing and testing hypotheses. This method typically involves several steps: identifying a question, conducting background research, formulating a hypothesis, designing and conducting experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.

Through this process, scientists accumulate empirical evidence and observations, which allow them to understand phenomena, establish patterns, and make informed decisions based on their findings. This capability of integrating both qualitative and quantitative data underpins the strength of the scientific method in generating reliable and reproducible results.

The other methods mentioned, while useful in different contexts, do not fully encompass the rigorous structure and iterative nature of the scientific method. Qualitative and quantitative methods often refer to specific types of data collection, and descriptive methods focus on detailing characteristics without necessarily forming or testing hypotheses. Thus, the scientific method is prioritized for its comprehensive approach to investigation, making it the correct answer in this context.