Which term describes a large land mass that rises significantly above its surroundings?

The term that describes a large land mass that rises significantly above its surroundings is a mountain. Mountains are typically characterized by their height, steep slopes, and prominent peaks. They are formed through tectonic processes such as continental collision, volcanic activity, or the uplift of the Earth's crust. The elevation and rugged terrain distinguish mountains from other landforms, marking them as significant features in any landscape.

In contrast, plateaus, while elevated, are characterized by their flat surfaces and are not significantly steep. Valleys represent low-lying areas between hills or mountains and are defined by their depression rather than elevation. Hills, although they do rise above the surrounding area, are generally not as high or as prominent as mountains; they tend to have gentler slopes. Therefore, the distinguishing characteristics of height and steepness are what define mountains, making it the correct term in this context.