Which term describes igneous rock that cools and solidifies beneath the earth's surface, also known as intrusive rock?

The term that describes igneous rock that cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface is "plutonic rock." This type of rock forms from the slow cooling of magma, allowing large crystals to develop within the solidified rock. Because it solidifies underground, it is classified as intrusive. Plutonic rocks, such as granite, are typically coarse-grained due to this slow cooling process.

In contrast, volcanic rock refers to igneous rock that forms from the rapid cooling of lava at or near the surface, leading to a different texture and mineral composition. Basaltic rock specifically refers to a type of volcanic rock that is rich in iron and magnesium, typically found in oceanic crusts and formed from lava flows. Rhyolitic rock, on the other hand, is a type of volcanic rock that is high in silica and has a glassy appearance, resulting from lava that cools quickly at the surface. Understanding these distinctions highlights why plutonic rock is the correct answer to the question.