Which type of metamorphic rock features minerals aligned into visible layers due to extreme forces?

Foliated rock is characterized by the alignment of minerals into distinct layers or bands, which occurs due to the intense pressure and temperature conditions associated with metamorphism. During this process, the minerals within the rock, such as mica, chlorite, or biotite, tend to realign perpendicularly to the direction of the applied stress, creating the layered appearance. This texture is a direct result of differential stress that causes the minerals to elongate and develop a preferred orientation.

The presence of foliation is significant, as it can indicate the geological history of the rock, revealing information about the conditions under which it was formed. Examples of foliated rocks include schist and gneiss, which display varying degrees of foliation that contribute to their strength and aesthetic qualities.

In contrast, other types of rocks mentioned do not share this characteristic. Felsic rock refers to a composition of igneous rocks high in silica and lighter in color, whereas non-foliated rocks lack the layered texture seen in foliated varieties, often appearing more uniform. Lastly, igneous rock is formed from the solidification of molten material and does not exhibit foliation since it is not subjected to the same metamorphic forces.