Which type of rock forms from cooling magma?

Igneous rock forms from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. When magma, which is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, rises through cracks and erupts onto the surface as lava, it begins to cool and crystallize. As the temperature decreases, minerals in the magma begin to form solid crystals, resulting in igneous rock. This type of rock can be classified into two main types: intrusive (or plutonic) igneous rock, which cools slowly below the Earth's surface, and extrusive (or volcanic) igneous rock, which cools rapidly on the surface after a volcanic eruption. This cooling process is fundamental to the formation of igneous rock and distinguishes it from other rock types.

Sedimentary rock forms from the accumulation and compaction of sediments, while metamorphic rock arises from the alteration of existing rock types due to heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids. Organic rock, typically a subtype of sedimentary rock, consists of accumulated organic materials like plant debris or shells. Each of these rock types has distinct formation processes that do not involve the cooling of magma.